Polysilicon is ultra-pure polycrystalline silicon, the starting material for solar wafers and semiconductor wafers. The required purity differs greatly by use.
| Type | Purity | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Solar grade | about 6N–9N | Mono ingots and wafers for solar cells |
| Electronic grade | about 11N | Single-crystal silicon wafers for chips |
It is made mainly as rods by the Siemens process or as granules in fluidised-bed reactors.
Most of the world's polysilicon is produced in China, in large plants in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Yunnan where power is cheap. The downstream solar chain — ingots, wafers, cells and modules — is concentrated there too. Polysilicon futures were listed on the Guangzhou Futures Exchange at the end of 2024.
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