Neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) is the key light rare-earth oxide and the core raw material for NdFeB magnets, the strongest permanent magnets. They go into EV traction motors, wind turbines, appliance motors, phone components and industrial robots. It is also widely traded blended with praseodymium as PrNd oxide.
China accounts for most rare-earth mining and roughly 90% of separation and refining. Inner Mongolia (light rare earths) and Jiangxi and Guangdong (ionic-clay deposits) are the main sources, and feedstock is also imported from Myanmar. The government sets total mining and smelting quotas and applies export controls to some rare earths and related technologies.
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